John b



v J. B. ATWATER. COMBINED STEAM AND AIR ENGINE.

' N0, 6349a P'atented'Mar. 26, 1867.

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JOHN B. A'TWATER, OF CHICAGO, -ILLINo1s. 5 Letters Patent No. 63,198, dated March 26, 1867- mrnovtinnur IN oonmmzn STEAM AND AIR memes.

my; .stlltltnlt ttftmb in in time Enters haunt 170 WHOM IT'MAY cononnn:

Be it known that 1 JOHN B. A'rwsrsn, of Chicago, in the county of Cook. and State of Illinois have ant nuiltiug'tatt sf it: tutu.

invented an Apparatus'for Mixing and Superheating Air und stenrn and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and ex'act description thereof, reference being lied to theaooonipanying drawings, mshinn a part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 vis s' si'de elevation of the improved apparatus.

Figure 2 is e-hec'tional view showing theinterior construction of the apparatus. I

Similar letter-moi reference indicute corresponding purtsin'the two figures.

The main object of this'invention is to combine with a steam generator or b'oiler a dosiccstin hamber and an air-injector in uoh mannerhs will more perfectly carry into edect the principle set fdrth in my Letters-Patent for mixing and spperhesting airl'a'ndsteam, ind employing thesame en s mechanical agent for driving machinery, and for other purposes 'as-vrill he hereinafter explained. v v

To enable others skilled in the art to understand my invention, I will describe its construction and operation.

The apparatus consists essentially of-a-hoiler, C, for generating steam,- an air-pump or injector; for'supplying a r, and a desiccator, E, for receiving the air and steam, andauperheatingthe some: r

In carrying out my invention I prefer to adopt substantially the following arrangement: The boiler O'is of a cylindrical form; with duos a a leading. throughj'it from one end to the other, through thewater and steam spaces; This boiler O is mounted upon i. secondary 'boiler or water-jacket, C; which encloses thereides and top of the fire-chamber A, lenving'a spnce,D, between them to serve as a combustion-chamber for consuming-or partially consuming tho-products of combustion rising in thefirc-box A, and passing through theflues b b. The

primary boiler-LC, or steam boiler proper, is disconnected from the boiler C, which is formed around the fire chamber, except by the steam pipes B B, which lead from the crown shectbf this boiler G into the stenm' space above the weterin the boiler G; as shown-in the drawings. a In the upper portion of the boiler O a desic eatingchuniberpllh'is arranged, so as to he exposed to the. heat rising through some of the dues no; and above this chamber u. conical boed,-N,'oovers the entire boiler, so as to concentrnte and conduct oh the smoke rising through the lines. The. desiccating cbmnber E is so arranged within a space provided for ,it in the bbiler (l as ,to leave beneath it a combustion-chamber, l) which, in conjunction ivith the lower colnhustion chnmber'n.

and n provision for supplyingshnet completeconsumption. of the gases rising from the fire-chamber before they escape into the-smoke flue above the boiler. The desieesting-chamber E is designed for superheatiug and any-i10 the steam ondg'sir which are introduced into it to any desired degree of heat and pressure previously to v conducting oil the mixture for uso. The steam from boiler G is conducted into the desiccator through pipes s s, I oneof which pipes z is provided )vith ayalve; Sfand leads through the bottom 'oi' a oonicalchamber or injector,

F, andtcrminntcs in the throat or lowcr'flaring end of the pipes, ss-shownin' fig. Air is introduced into the cunicnl chamber F, so as to'mi x with tllejfeulll issuing from pipe s, and'bc carried pith thisstesin into the desiccator. The air is supplied p der pressure by moons of n rotary or other; suitable pump, H, which communicateswith the conical chamberor injector F by means of n. pipe X, having applied to it valves N sndM,

opening upward, .1 seek, P, and on nir-ehauiher,-G, as shown in fig. 2. K is the inlet pipe, leading into and supplying air to the air-pump. Y is an outlet pipe, which is provided with -u cockyc, for a purpose which will be "hereinafter explained. W is the shaft of the rotary piston J, and dis a sliding cut-oh for preventing the air, front returnim, after it once gets in front of the piston To understand the operation of this invention, lot it be supposed that an upright engineis connected to the stea'm'pipe I; loading from the desiccator, and that the pistons of such engine take hold of eccentrics, or of Mauls-Wrists, upon wheels attached to the main shaft Steam being generated, the valves, which is athi'ottlcvalve, is. pened, and. the steam passes through the injector F, inking with it Mr into the desiccutingehumher E. This sir enters the pump cylinder phrou gh pipe KQn-ml thencepusnes through pipe X, through air-chamber G, and through the vnlve'oponings in this pipe X into the conical chamber of the hu'ector F, ns indioatcdby the ar ows in lig. 2. In this nppsrntus itis designed lei-work (quill proportions, or thhreaboot of air nnd steam. The steam (or so much of it as is not condensed by eontuct with cool air) and air reach the tlcsiccating-ohsuiber through i e 2. endure there mixed and dried ei npperhoeted and conducted oil through-pipe I to the engine."

i s. A

give a continuous stream. I s 1 p v v when the improve: ,nt is employed for driving a. locomotive engine the boiler wil't bc arranged in o. horizontal position instead of in the yertieol position shown in the drawings, and the air-pump H, or its equivalent,

- i i 'i i v 83,198

Experiments ha'v'e demonstrated-that air and steamin the desiccntor Enssurne a highcrpressure than the strain in the bonlerC. To prev ent tj'a'is cxcess of pressure from reacting upon the boilcra check-valve, L, i=1

.acnterl in the end of pipe u' the p'oiiit'iof discharge; and just below the injector another check valve, M, is

np lie. in the pipe-z. when the pressure is greatest in the desiccnti'ng-ehnmberj both of thes'c check-valves Loud;

, l close upon their seats, and the excess bf preaurois allowed to work off through the exhaust ofthe engine.

' It. is believed that these chock-vulves are superfluous, from' theli'nct that the momentum of the steam from the boiler, would resist it greater pressure, especially as the success of pressure is not coustant,the engine periodically -;.:h:tusting a'volume of steam and hit from the i from five to ten pounds, is brought i'nconta'ct with an equal volume of air,

the hentis liberated, thnsbecong-ing effective ininstantly heating and expanding the air. that a perfect condensation of steam takes place; I

the steam is partially condensed, and It is not here claimed beneath the boiler acting upon the (lamenting-chamber. It is used as a'meanp of forcing air ifito v the desiccntin g-chnmber, It serves as a fire onginefer pumping'aml forcing waterthrougha hose, for which purpose a'ho sc -fittuclictljto pipe K at oneend, and to a hydrant at the other end; or, this entl'can be dropped into u-reservoir of water. A section of hose with a nonlc is then attached to the discharge pipe Y, and cock 0 opened, andcock-I closed. The engine being put in motion by using steam.

' clone, woterwill be drawn i to the pump cylinder, and

forcibly eject'edthrough the pipe Y, The chamber G will/under these circumstances, act as an air-chamber for trapping airgwliich will react upon the, water, and

attached to the'shnft of the .drivcrsf' The air-piwhp will in this manner operate as an auxiliary in starting hind stopping the train or locomotive, It will operate under tbesecircumstancea as follows: Iho engineer, before touching} station or stopping place, will close-the throttle-valve S, thus shutting ofi' sten'm entirely. He

will then close cock QP, when the momentum of the train will continue to work the pump was to compress air seen that this compression of air will resist the momentum of the train,"

forcibly into chamber G. I It will be and thus operate uponthe principle of a brake for stopping it; When thc lo comotivcstops the valve N, below off through the tiesiccating-chumbcr E stantially as described.

chamber G, closes, and prevents the escape ot'nir. Suppose this air be compressed by the momentum oi the train in stopping to three hundred pounds totho [:1 inch, this pressure willbecome effective bi the pistons of tho'engine in'atn'rling the train bythe opening of coclra S and P, and thus allowing the condensed air to-work from this mode of constructing boilers ca ibre-boxes in compartments may Some of the. advantages arising that before st'com can be generated ebullition must take place; or,

be briefly stated as follows It is well known in oth'eryoriia, the water must boil at the bottom of the vessel. The bubbles rise z-hrcngh the columnof water,

isprocess'ot' ebullition becomes equa ized in terjsereture, andthat temperature is at 212 Fain, these bubbles burst into vapor in'the steam-chamber above the suiface of the'water. It is also well'knowu that that portion of the boiler poorest the'flre receivea the-greut'elit degree'of heat.- It therefore follows that the less the-height of the column of water-is in the boiler the sooner will steamvbe gcnerhtedfor practical purposes. It will be seen that the water-jacket oi aecondary boiler O, surrounding the andwhen the whole body of water by t fire-box A, communicates wit-lithe primary boiler C by meansof pipes B, which will conduct the steam iuto'itbe" steam-chamber in boiler C as rapidly as it is formed in the steam-chamber nearest the tire.v Hence auflicient may be generated torun an engine before the water in the boiler Q is scarcely hot. In this case theebullition of the water in the boiler ,0 is not taxed with the heating oi the water above it; It will be secnby reference fig. 2 that the crown plate of the secondary boiler C is dished. [This iadonet'or'tbe purposeof directing theliubblcs of steam outwardly toward the'a't'e'am pipesB, so as to facilitate the escape of theateom from this boiler into the steam space which is abovo the miter in tbeboilerO. Water is supplied to the boilers C Q through the pipes T, shown in tig- 1, by connecting these pipes with the pump H,or'with anytotherconvenient pump, Havingdescribed my invention, whatlclaiui as new, anddesi'ra to secure by Hatters Patent, i|- 1, A dcsiccoting or superheating-ohamber E which is combincdewith a steam boiler, and adapted receiving and glealccatlng steam mixed with air, substantially as described, l

2. The combustion-chamber D, whcn'arranged in a steam boiler and supplied withflair, substantially as shown, so as to 09s the combustion of the gosesat'ter they have escaped from the lire-box or chamber, sub- The air-injector, operating upon the principle specified," aubltantially-aadeacribed and for the purposes explained. l i

4. The arrangement of the steam generators C C', with steam communications 3 leading-into generator O above the water level therein, with respect to 'the desiccator E, substantially as and for the purpose describejd, 5. The 'de'siccotor E, constructed described arrangcd within the circle of tubes, for the purpose set forth. 6. The valveL on the end of pipe 2, in combination with an apparatus constructed and opcroting aubatautil ally as described p V I p y I I, v 1 7. The combination of air-chamber G and cool P with an apparatus constructed and operating substantially asdowibdmm B. mpasse.

Witnesses:

a. W. Ear. (1 Museums.

desiccatiug-chamberE, thereby relieving the pressure This.- )XCGS. of temperature in the desiccator is the result of two causes, namely: Whensteain o-t lowpressure, say

p but whatever condensation does occur liberates so much n.4, which is communicated to the air. -rlnother cause of such excess of temperature is the waste heat of the fire The air-pump, H-u'ill serve several important purposes.

in combinationwith a desiccating-ohamber E, 

